NUR 326Porths Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition TB_

1. Chapter 1
Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) Bound and transmembrane proteins
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
2. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
3. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
4. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn-out cell parts
B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end products and package them into secretory granules or vesicles
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins that remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another

5. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
C) Insufficient energy production within a cell
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm
6. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants” of the cell because they:
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
C) Extract energy from organic compounds
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
7. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
8. When explaining the function of glycolysis as it relates to anaerobic metabolism, the faculty will mention which of the following key points? Select all that apply.
A) Glycolysis requires the use of oxygen to begin the process.
B) Glycolysis occurs in mitochondrion-lacking cells.
C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the body's energy needs.
D) Pyruvic acid is an end result from a series of reactions that converts glucose.